Prolonged sitting raises risk of death

<metadesc>依據《美國流行病學期刊》的研究顯示，久坐和死亡率有獨立的關連性。提醒您：請勿久坐，記得抽空站起來活動！</metadesc>

請勿久坐，記得抽空站起來活動！

www.KT.com.tw 編輯部（如蒙轉載引用，請註明出處。謝謝。）

最近看到一篇新聞報導：「每天久坐4~6小時，死亡率增8成」，如下：（資料來源：華視新聞網[1]）

　　提醒觀眾朋友，現在看電視，不妨站起來看，因為，坐太久，可是很不健康的，專家說，一天坐四到六小時，死亡機率增加八成、尤其婦女、可能會引起心臟病。

　　咖啡杯遇熱會溶出塑化劑，98%的蘋果帶有殺蟲劑，洗不乾淨，每天講手機超過15分鐘，得腦癌機率飆升72%。這不能用、那不能吃，怎麼辦呢，記者羅伯茲。如果你成天坐著想這些問題。那才是最大的健康殺手。專家說：每天坐著四到六小時不動，死亡風險增加八成。

　　脊椎會長時間擠壓、循環不良、血小板功能異常，減緩新陳代謝、婦女更可能因此引發要命的心臟病。研究人員說，站比坐，需要用更多的肌肉維持平衡，如果越常站著或走動，能坐比著燃燒兩三倍的熱量。少坐多站多走動，遠比上健身房運動更有益健康。

真的有這一回事嗎？「專家」是誰？是真有其事、還是以以訛傳訛？報導也沒交待來源出處，那就自己動手查查看吧！

要查這個，首先要會英文。先將這一句話「每天久坐4~6小時，死亡率增8成」翻成英文吧！若是遇到菜英文，也無所謂，就不管文法隨便翻：

prolong sit down risk

然後丟給美商科高國際有限公司 (Google) 去傷腦筋，科高立刻給你報告了：

約有 5,810,000 項結果 (搜尋時間：0.08 秒)

Prolonged sitting raises risk of death - [ 翻譯這個網頁 ]
26 Jun 2011 – It raises the risk by 40 percent in women and 20 percent in men, ... Sitting down for extended periods increases the risks of cardiovascular ...
www.khaleejtimes.com > Khaleej Times Online > HEALTH

科高這一次蠻準的，第一篇就給你正確的報告，說明了兩件事：

真的是菜英文，要翻成 "Prolonged sitting raises risk of death" 才對。
請參考 www.khaleejtimes.com > Khaleej Times Online > HEALTH 的這篇文章：Prolonged sitting raises risk of death。

我們看一下上述第 2 項提到的文章，如是說：

26 June 2011, 8:23 AM

People who sit for extended periods are more likely to die early than those who spend less time sitting. It raises the risk by 40 percent in women and 20 percent in men, a study has found.

Sitting down for extended periods increases the risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and obesity, according to American Cancer Society researchers who looked at 123,000 people’s health over 14 years.

The finding, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, puts sitting down for extended periods of time in the same bracket as smoking, Daily Mail reported quoting the study Saturday.

Diabetes experts point out that sitting is not bad for us in moderation but can be addictive and harmful in the long-run.

The American Cancer Society is concerned that public health guidelines do not say enough about time spent sitting down.

Government exercise recommendations suggest at least 30 minutes on five days per week of ‘moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity’.

They also say 20 minutes of ‘vigorous-intensity’ activity for at least 20 minutes on three days per week would produce similar benefits, according to the Mail.

咦？！外國的月亮比較圓、外國的報導會交待出處！它在第三段說，消息來源刊在 "American Journal of Epidemiology"，馬上再問科高，這一本期刊的網路電子期刊在哪？科高說：

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ American Journal of Epidemiology (AJE) 《美國流行病學期刊》

接下來，我們連結到 AJE，在右上角有個 "SEARCH"，再點進去查詢，到底有沒有這一篇文章。這時候，請別再菜英文了，科高已經告訴你，正確的翻譯是 "Prolonged sitting raises risk of death"，請把這一句英文，填到 ”Text | Abstract | Title” 欄位去查詢。

哇！AJE 混亂了，它以為你要查 risk...prolonged...death...，列出一堆不相關的報告。sitting 怎麼都不見了？那就只查 "Prolonged sitting" 吧！

Bingo!!!第一篇，就是我們要的學術文章：

Displaying results 1-10 of 52

Original Contribution

Alpa V. Patel, Leslie Bernstein, Anusila Deka, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Peter T. Campbell, Susan M. Gapstur, Graham A. Colditz, and Michael J. Thun

Leisure Time Spent Sitting in Relation to Total Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of US Adults

Am. J. Epidemiol. (2010) 172(4): 419-429 first published online July 22, 2010 doi:10.1093/aje/kwq155

...television (16, 34, 35). Time spent sitting was previously shown to be associated...contribute to the association between sitting time and mortality, this association...stratifying on body mass index. Third, prolonged time spent sitting, independent of physical activity...

>>Abstract >>Full Text (HTML) >>Full Text (PDF)

AJE 是 Science Citation Index (科學引文索引) 收錄的醫學期刊喔！[2]所以這一篇文章，可是有一定公信力的，不同於坊間的八卦文學。

使用者付費！要下載這一篇文章的 Pdf 檔，是要 CoCo...！但不用自己花錢啦，在台灣，很多醫學院的圖書館都有收錄這一本電子期刊，去圖書館的電腦下載即可。例出摘要僅供參考：

Abstract

The obesity epidemic is attributed in part to reduced physical activity. Evidence supports that reducing time spent sitting, regardless of activity, may improve the metabolic consequences of obesity. Analyses were conducted in a large prospective study of US adults enrolled by the American Cancer Society to examine leisure time spent sitting and physical activity in relation to mortality. Time spent sitting and physical activity were queried by questionnaire on 53,440 men and 69,776 women who were disease free at enrollment. The authors identified 11,307 deaths in men and 7,923 deaths in women during the 14-year follow-up. After adjustment for smoking, body mass index, and other factors, time spent sitting (≥6 vs. <3 hours/day) was associated with mortality in both women (relative risk = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 1.44) and men (relative risk = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.24). Relative risks for sitting (≥6 hours/day) and physical activity (<24.5 metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours/week) combined were 1.94 (95% CI: 1.70, 2.20) for women and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.33, 1.65) for men, compared with those with the least time sitting and most activity. Associations were strongest for cardiovascular disease mortality. The time spent sitting was independently associated with total mortality, regardless of physical activity level. Public health messages should include both being physically active and reducing time spent sitting.

結論

依據《美國流行病學期刊》的研究顯示，久坐和死亡率有獨立的關連性。提醒您：請勿久坐，記得抽空站起來活動！

習題

請考證「每天講手機超過15分鐘，得腦癌機率飆升72%。」這一句話的真實性。